US TikTok ban: When could the app be banned and will Trump save it?

Social media company TikTok faces a ban in the US unless it is sold by its Chinese parent company ByteDance by 19 January.

However, President-elect Donald Trump - who takes office the next day - has asked the Supreme Court to delay the ban when it hears arguments about the case on 10 January.

US officials and lawmakers have accused TikTok's owner ByteDance of being linked to the Chinese government.

Many have cited national security concerns over the app, claiming that it could be forced by Beijing to hand over data about its 170 million US users.

The US Justice Department has said that because of its Chinese parent company, and access to data on American users, TikTok poses "a national-security threat of immense depth and scale".

In April 2024, US Congress passed a bill, which President Joe Biden signed into law, giving ByteDance nine months to find a US-approved buyer or see TikTok shut down across the US.

TikTok and ByteDance deny being linked to the Chinese government, or that any data would be handed over. They have also previously ruled out a sale.

The firms have filed multiple legal challenges against the law, saying it is "unconstitutional" and would have a "staggering" impact on free speech by censoring its US users.

They have said that even a temporary ban in early 2025 would have "devastating effects" on their operations and users.

The US Supreme Court has deferred TikTok and ByteDance's request for an emergency injunction to delay a potential ban while it hears their case.

It will hear arguments from the companies, and the US government, about whether the law violates the US constitutional right to free speech, on 10 January.

• Is TikTok really a danger to the West?
• What could a TikTok ban mean for creators?

Donald Trump's victory in the 2024 election may offer TikTok a lifeline.

He tried to ban the app while he was in the White House in 2020, but has now called on the US Supreme Court to delay the ban while he works on a "political resolution".

Ahead of the hearing, his lawyer filed a legal brief saying that Trump "opposes banning TikTok" and intends to resolve the issues "through political means once he takes office".

Trump's meeting with TikTok's boss Shou Zi Chew in December also increased hopes among the law's opponents that he would intervene.

Online marketplaces, such as app stores, and web hosting platforms will have to stop making TikTok available to Americans if its ban goes ahead.

Politicians have told Apple and Google's bosses to be ready to pull TikTok from the App Store and Google Play store for iOS and Android devices.

Most people download apps onto their smartphones and tablets through app stores, so the ban would stop new users from getting TikTok.

It also would mean that people who already had the app would no longer be able to get future updates designed to improve security or fix bugs.

The bill forbids applications controlled by US adversary countries from being updated and maintained in the US.

It gives broad powers to the president to limit apps with ties not only to China but also Russia, Iran and North Korea.

• How a TikTok ban would - or wouldn't - work in practice

At the heart of TikTok is its algorithm - a set of instructions that determine the content displayed to users, based on data about how they engaged with other material.

TikTok can use this data, as well as information about an individual user's device, location and keystroke rhythms, to recommend videos to users on its automatically generated For You feed.

Some researchers have previously claimed the app collects more data from users than others in order to power its highly personalised system.

However, rival social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram collect similar user data.

• Are Chinese tech firms a security risk?

TikTok is already banned in India, which was one of the app's largest markets before it was outlawed there in June 2020.

It is also blocked in Iran, Nepal, Afghanistan and Somalia.

The UK government and Parliament banned TikTok from staff work devices in 2023, as has the European Commission.

The BBC also advised staff to delete TikTok from corporate phones because of security fears.